Behavioral Decision Making

InhaltsangabeI Individual Decision Making.- 1 Psychology of Risky Decisions.- Models of Risky Choice.- Contingent Processing in Risky Choice.- Task Complexity.- Information Display.- Response Modes.- Quality of Option Set.- Frameworks for Task and Context Effects.- A Production System Approach to Models of Strategy Selection in Choice. Summary. References. 2 The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice. The Evaluation of Prospects. The Framing of Acts. The Framing of Contingencies. The Framing of Outcomes. Discussion. References. 3 Decisional Variance. Personality and Decision Making. Cognitive Style and Decision Making. Cognitive Style and the Design of Decision Support Systems (DSS). Contingent Decision Behavior. Decisional Style or Contingent Decision Making?: Some Useful Methodology from Personality Psychology. References. 4 Cognitive Approaches to Decision Making. Developments in Cognitive Psychology. Identification of Separate Stages. Complex Processing Models. Applications of the Cognitive Approach. Decision Strategies. Perceptual Aspects of Decision Making. Future Developments. Notions of Limited Capacity. Elementary InformationProcessing Stages. Conclusion. References. II SmallGroup Decision Making. 5 Social Interdependence and Decision Making. Interdependent Preferences. Empathy and Altruism. Envy and Social Comparison. The General Problem. Interdependence Structures: Changing the Rules. Conclusion. References. 6 Combining Individual Judgments. Why Groups?. Aggregation Methods. Mathematical Aggregation. Estimation of Unknown Quantities. Weighting Individual Judgments. Discrete Probability Judgments. Probability Density Functions for Continuous Quantities. Evaluative Judgments and Preferences. Aggregation of Verbal Judgments. Behavioral Aggregation. Group Process and the Judgment Task. Input Variables. Conformity. Polarization. Effectiveness of Behavioral Aggregation. Mixed and Aided Aggregation. Conclusion. References. III Organizational Decision Making. 7 Organizational, Group, and Individual Decision Making in CrossCultural Perspective. Japanese versus American DecisionMaking Processes. Managerial Communication. Managerial Values. Interaction between the Task and DecisionMaking Style. Group Polarization. Individual Decision Making under Uncertainty. Practical Implications of CrossCultural Research on Decision Making. References. 8 Contexted Decision Making: A Socioorganizational Perspective. Decision Making in Organizations: Conventional Analyses. The Social Process Critique. The Structural Power Critique. Studying Decision Making in Organizations. The Communicative Rationality Critique. Conclusion. References. 9 Sociological Approaches to Power and Decisions. Three Conceptions of Power. Decisional or Pluralist Accounts of Power. Nondecisionalism or the Two Faces of Power. Radical Approaches to Power. Conclusion: The Case of Business Power. References. 10 Decision Making in Organizations: The Effective Use of Personnel. A Brief Historical Background. Occupational Psychology's DecisionMaking Framework. Scientific ManagementThe Forerunner. Taylor's Work in Relation to Occupational Psychology. Personnel Selection and Decision Making. Validation Studies. Tests and Discrimination. The Criterion Problem. Statistical Decision Methods in Selection. Selection Interviewing. Practical Recruiting and Selecting of Staff. Training Staff. Employee Appraisal. Payment for Work. Implementing Personnel Decisions. Leadership. Participation at Work. Organizational Design and Development. Bargaining: Conflict and Power. Conclusion. References. IV Improving Decisions: The Role of Decision Aids. 11 Design of DecisionAiding Systems. A Taxonomy of Decision Aids. Type 1Bootstrapping Aids. Type 2Recomposition Aids. Type 3ProblemStructuring Aids. Problem Representation Based on the Nature of the Structure. Builtin Structur